Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/destefa1/public_html/nf/function.php:1) in /home/destefa1/public_html/nf/function.php on line 215
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/destefa1/public_html/nf/function.php:1) in /home/destefa1/public_html/nf/function.php on line 216
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/destefa1/public_html/nf/function.php:1) in /home/destefa1/public_html/nf/function.php on line 217
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/destefa1/public_html/nf/function.php:1) in /home/destefa1/public_html/nf/function.php on line 218
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/destefa1/public_html/nf/function.php:1) in /home/destefa1/public_html/nf/function.php on line 219
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/destefa1/public_html/nf/function.php:1) in /home/destefa1/public_html/nf/function.php on line 220
# pre-5.14.0 perl inadvertently destroys signal handlers
# http://rt.perl.org/rt3/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=76138
#
BEGIN { ## capture %SIG before compilation
use constant RT_76138 => $] < 5.014;
@::SIG_BACKUP = %SIG if RT_76138;
}
sub UNITCHECK { ## restore %SIG after compilation
%SIG = @::SIG_BACKUP if RT_76138;
}
package Net::DNS::RR::SIG;
#
# $Id: SIG.pm 1729 2019-01-28 09:45:47Z willem $
#
our $VERSION = (qw$LastChangedRevision: 1729 $)[1];
use strict;
use warnings;
use base qw(Net::DNS::RR);
=head1 NAME
Net::DNS::RR::SIG - DNS SIG resource record
=cut
use integer;
use Carp;
use Time::Local;
eval 'require MIME::Base64';
use Net::DNS::Parameters;
use constant DEBUG => 0;
use constant UTIL => defined eval 'use Scalar::Util 1.25; 1;';
# IMPORTANT: Distros MUST NOT create dependencies on Net::DNS::SEC (strong crypto prohibited in many territories)
use constant EXISTS => join '', qw(r e q u i r e); # Defeat static analysers and grep
use constant DNSSEC => defined( eval join ' ', EXISTS, 'Net::DNS::SEC::Private' );
use constant ACTIVE => DNSSEC && $INC{'Net/DNS/SEC.pm'}; # Discover how we got here, without loading libcrypto
my ($RSA) = grep ACTIVE && defined( eval join ' ', EXISTS, $_ ), 'Net::DNS::SEC::RSA';
my ($DSA) = grep ACTIVE && defined( eval join ' ', EXISTS, $_ ), 'Net::DNS::SEC::DSA';
my @field = qw(typecovered algorithm labels orgttl sigexpiration siginception keytag);
sub _decode_rdata { ## decode rdata from wire-format octet string
my $self = shift;
my ( $data, $offset, @opaque ) = @_;
my $limit = $offset + $self->{rdlength};
@{$self}{@field} = unpack "\@$offset n C2 N3 n", $$data;
( $self->{signame}, $offset ) = decode Net::DNS::DomainName2535( $data, $offset + 18 );
$self->{sigbin} = substr $$data, $offset, $limit - $offset;
croak('misplaced or corrupt SIG') unless $limit == length $$data;
my $raw = substr $$data, 0, $self->{offset};
$self->{rawref} = \$raw;
}
sub _encode_rdata { ## encode rdata as wire-format octet string
my $self = shift;
my ( $offset, @opaque ) = @_;
my ( $hash, $packet ) = @opaque;
my $signame = $self->{signame};
if ( DNSSEC && !$self->{sigbin} ) {
my $private = delete $self->{private}; # one shot is all you get
my $sigdata = $self->_CreateSigData($packet);
$self->_CreateSig( $sigdata, $private || die 'missing key reference' );
}
pack 'n C2 N3 n a* a*', @{$self}{@field}, $signame->encode, $self->sigbin;
}
sub _format_rdata { ## format rdata portion of RR string.
my $self = shift;
my $signame = $self->{signame} || return '';
my @sig64 = split /\s+/, MIME::Base64::encode( $self->sigbin );
my @rdata = ( map( $self->$_, @field ), $signame->string, @sig64 );
}
sub _parse_rdata { ## populate RR from rdata in argument list
my $self = shift;
foreach ( @field, qw(signame) ) { $self->$_(shift) }
$self->signature(@_);
}
sub _defaults { ## specify RR attribute default values
my $self = shift;
$self->class('ANY');
$self->typecovered('TYPE0');
$self->algorithm(1);
$self->labels(0);
$self->orgttl(0);
$self->sigval(10);
}
#
# source: http://www.iana.org/assignments/dns-sec-alg-numbers
#
{
my @algbyname = (
'DELETE' => 0, # [RFC4034][RFC4398][RFC8078]
'RSAMD5' => 1, # [RFC3110][RFC4034]
'DH' => 2, # [RFC2539]
'DSA' => 3, # [RFC3755][RFC2536]
## Reserved => 4, # [RFC6725]
'RSASHA1' => 5, # [RFC3110][RFC4034]
'DSA-NSEC3-SHA1' => 6, # [RFC5155]
'RSASHA1-NSEC3-SHA1' => 7, # [RFC5155]
'RSASHA256' => 8, # [RFC5702]
## Reserved => 9, # [RFC6725]
'RSASHA512' => 10, # [RFC5702]
## Reserved => 11, # [RFC6725]
'ECC-GOST' => 12, # [RFC5933]
'ECDSAP256SHA256' => 13, # [RFC6605]
'ECDSAP384SHA384' => 14, # [RFC6605]
'ED25519' => 15, # [RFC8080]
'ED448' => 16, # [RFC8080]
'INDIRECT' => 252, # [RFC4034]
'PRIVATEDNS' => 253, # [RFC4034]
'PRIVATEOID' => 254, # [RFC4034]
## Reserved => 255, # [RFC4034]
);
my %algbyval = reverse @algbyname;
my @algrehash = map /^\d/ ? ($_) x 3 : do { s/[\W_]//g; uc($_) }, @algbyname;
my %algbyname = @algrehash; # work around broken cperl
sub _algbyname {
my $arg = shift;
my $key = uc $arg; # synthetic key
$key =~ s/[\W_]//g; # strip non-alphanumerics
my $val = $algbyname{$key};
return $val if defined $val;
return $key =~ /^\d/ ? $arg : croak qq[unknown algorithm "$arg"];
}
sub _algbyval {
my $value = shift;
$algbyval{$value} || return $value;
}
}
my %DNSSEC_sign = (
1 => $RSA,
3 => $DSA,
5 => $RSA,
6 => $DSA,
7 => $RSA,
8 => $RSA,
10 => $RSA,
);
my %DNSSEC_verify = %DNSSEC_sign;
my %siglen = (
1 => 128,
3 => 41,
5 => 256,
6 => 41,
7 => 256,
8 => 256,
10 => 256,
);
sub _size { ## estimate encoded size
my $self = shift;
my $clone = bless {%$self}, ref($self); # shallow clone
$clone->sigbin( 'x' x $siglen{$self->algorithm} );
length $clone->encode();
}
sub typecovered {
my $self = shift; # uncoverable pod
$self->{typecovered} = typebyname(shift) if scalar @_;
my $typecode = $self->{typecovered};
typebyval($typecode) if defined wantarray && defined $typecode;
}
sub algorithm {
my ( $self, $arg ) = @_;
unless ( ref($self) ) { ## class method or simple function
my $argn = pop;
return $argn =~ /[^0-9]/ ? _algbyname($argn) : _algbyval($argn);
}
return $self->{algorithm} unless defined $arg;
return _algbyval( $self->{algorithm} ) if $arg =~ /MNEMONIC/i;
return $self->{algorithm} = _algbyname($arg);
}
sub labels {
shift->{labels} = 0; # uncoverable pod
}
sub orgttl {
shift->{orgttl} = 0; # uncoverable pod
}
sub sigexpiration {
my $self = shift;
$self->{sigexpiration} = _string2time(shift) if scalar @_;
my $time = $self->{sigexpiration};
return unless defined wantarray && defined $time;
return UTIL ? Scalar::Util::dualvar( $time, _time2string($time) ) : _time2string($time);
}
sub siginception {
my $self = shift;
$self->{siginception} = _string2time(shift) if scalar @_;
my $time = $self->{siginception};
return unless defined wantarray && defined $time;
return UTIL ? Scalar::Util::dualvar( $time, _time2string($time) ) : _time2string($time);
}
sub sigex { &sigexpiration; } ## historical
sub sigin { &siginception; } ## historical
sub sigval {
my $self = shift;
no integer;
( $self->{sigval} ) = map int( 60.0 * $_ ), @_;
}
sub keytag {
my $self = shift;
$self->{keytag} = 0 + shift if scalar @_;
$self->{keytag} || 0;
}
sub signame {
my $self = shift;
$self->{signame} = new Net::DNS::DomainName2535(shift) if scalar @_;
$self->{signame}->name if $self->{signame};
}
sub sig {
my $self = shift;
return MIME::Base64::encode( $self->sigbin(), "" ) unless scalar @_;
$self->sigbin( MIME::Base64::decode( join "", @_ ) );
}
sub sigbin {
my $self = shift;
$self->{sigbin} = shift if scalar @_;
$self->{sigbin} || "";
}
sub signature { &sig; }
sub create {
unless (DNSSEC) {
croak 'Net::DNS::SEC support not available';
} else {
my ( $class, $data, $priv_key, %etc ) = @_;
my $private = ref($priv_key) ? $priv_key : Net::DNS::SEC::Private->new($priv_key);
croak 'Unable to parse private key' unless ref($private) eq 'Net::DNS::SEC::Private';
my $self = new Net::DNS::RR(
type => 'SIG',
typecovered => 'TYPE0',
siginception => time(),
algorithm => $private->algorithm,
keytag => $private->keytag,
signame => $private->signame,
);
while ( my ( $attribute, $value ) = each %etc ) {
$self->$attribute($value);
}
$self->{sigexpiration} = $self->{siginception} + $self->{sigval}
unless $self->{sigexpiration};
$self->_CreateSig( $self->_CreateSigData($data), $private ) if $data;
$self->{private} = $private unless $data; # mark packet for SIG0 generation
return $self;
}
}
sub verify {
# Reminder...
# $dataref may be either a data string or a reference to a
# Net::DNS::Packet object.
#
# $keyref is either a key object or a reference to an array
# of keys.
unless (DNSSEC) {
croak 'Net::DNS::SEC support not available';
} else {
my ( $self, $dataref, $keyref ) = @_;
if ( my $isa = ref($dataref) ) {
print '$dataref argument is ', $isa, "\n" if DEBUG;
croak '$dataref must be scalar or a Net::DNS::Packet'
unless $isa =~ /Net::DNS/ && $dataref->isa('Net::DNS::Packet');
}
print '$keyref argument is of class ', ref($keyref), "\n" if DEBUG;
if ( ref($keyref) eq "ARRAY" ) {
# We will iterate over the supplied key list and
# return when there is a successful verification.
# If not, continue so that we survive key-id collision.
print "Iterating over ", scalar(@$keyref), " keys\n" if DEBUG;
my @error;
foreach my $keyrr (@$keyref) {
my $result = $self->verify( $dataref, $keyrr );
return $result if $result;
my $error = $self->{vrfyerrstr};
my $keyid = $keyrr->keytag;
push @error, "key $keyid: $error";
print "key $keyid: $error\n" if DEBUG;
next;
}
$self->{vrfyerrstr} = join "\n", @error;
return 0;
} elsif ( $keyref->isa('Net::DNS::RR::DNSKEY') ) {
print "Validating using key with keytag: ", $keyref->keytag, "\n" if DEBUG;
} else {
croak join ' ', ref($keyref), 'can not be used as SIG0 key';
}
croak "SIG typecovered is TYPE$self->{typecovered}" if $self->{typecovered};
if (DEBUG) {
print "\n ---------------------- SIG DEBUG ----------------------";
print "\n SIG:\t", $self->string;
print "\n KEY:\t", $keyref->string;
print "\n -------------------------------------------------------\n";
}
$self->{vrfyerrstr} = '';
unless ( $self->algorithm == $keyref->algorithm ) {
$self->{vrfyerrstr} = 'algorithm does not match';
return 0;
}
unless ( $self->keytag == $keyref->keytag ) {
$self->{vrfyerrstr} = 'keytag does not match';
return 0;
}
# The data that is to be verified
my $sigdata = $self->_CreateSigData($dataref);
my $verified = $self->_VerifySig( $sigdata, $keyref ) || return 0;
# time to do some time checking.
my $t = time;
if ( _ordered( $self->{sigexpiration}, $t ) ) {
$self->{vrfyerrstr} = join ' ', 'Signature expired at', $self->sigexpiration;
return 0;
} elsif ( _ordered( $t, $self->{siginception} ) ) {
$self->{vrfyerrstr} = join ' ', 'Signature valid from', $self->siginception;
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
} #END verify
sub vrfyerrstr {
shift->{vrfyerrstr};
}
########################################
sub _ordered($$) { ## irreflexive 32-bit partial ordering
use integer;
my ( $a, $b ) = @_;
return defined $b unless defined $a; # ( undef, any )
return 0 unless defined $b; # ( any, undef )
# unwise to assume 64-bit arithmetic, or that 32-bit integer overflow goes unpunished
if ( $a < 0 ) { # translate $a<0 region
$a = ( $a ^ 0x80000000 ) & 0xFFFFFFFF; # 0 <= $a < 2**31
$b = ( $b ^ 0x80000000 ) & 0xFFFFFFFF; # -2**31 <= $b < 2**32
}
return $a < $b ? ( $a > ( $b - 0x80000000 ) ) : ( $b < ( $a - 0x80000000 ) );
}
my $y1998 = timegm( 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1998 );
my $y2026 = timegm( 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2026 );
my $y2082 = $y2026 << 1;
my $y2054 = $y2082 - $y1998;
my $m2026 = int( 0x80000000 - $y2026 );
my $m2054 = int( 0x80000000 - $y2054 );
my $t2082 = int( $y2082 & 0x7FFFFFFF );
my $t2100 = 1960058752;
sub _string2time { ## parse time specification string
my $arg = shift;
croak 'undefined time' unless defined $arg;
return int($arg) if length($arg) < 12;
my ( $y, $m, @dhms ) = unpack 'a4 a2 a2 a2 a2 a2', $arg . '00';
if ( $arg lt '20380119031408' ) { # calendar folding
return timegm( reverse(@dhms), $m - 1, $y ) if $y < 2026;
return timegm( reverse(@dhms), $m - 1, $y - 56 ) + $y2026;
} elsif ( $y > 2082 ) {
my $z = timegm( reverse(@dhms), $m - 1, $y - 84 );
$z -= 86400 unless $z < 1456704000 + 86400; # expunge 29 Feb 2100
return $z + $y2054;
}
return ( timegm( reverse(@dhms), $m - 1, $y - 56 ) + $y2054 ) - $y1998;
}
sub _time2string { ## format time specification string
my $arg = shift;
croak 'undefined time' unless defined $arg;
my $ls31 = int( $arg & 0x7FFFFFFF );
if ( $arg & 0x80000000 ) {
if ( $ls31 > $t2082 ) {
$ls31 += 86400 unless $ls31 < $t2100; # expunge 29 Feb 2100
my ( $yy, $mm, @dhms ) = reverse( ( gmtime( $ls31 + $m2054 ) )[0 .. 5] );
return sprintf '%d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d', $yy + 1984, $mm + 1, @dhms;
}
my ( $yy, $mm, @dhms ) = reverse( ( gmtime( $ls31 + $m2026 ) )[0 .. 5] );
return sprintf '%d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d', $yy + 1956, $mm + 1, @dhms;
} elsif ( $ls31 > $y2026 ) {
my ( $yy, $mm, @dhms ) = reverse( ( gmtime( $ls31 - $y2026 ) )[0 .. 5] );
return sprintf '%d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d', $yy + 1956, $mm + 1, @dhms;
}
my ( $yy, $mm, @dhms ) = reverse( ( gmtime $ls31 )[0 .. 5] );
return sprintf '%d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d', $yy + 1900, $mm + 1, @dhms;
}
sub _CreateSigData {
if (DNSSEC) {
my ( $self, $message ) = @_;
if ( ref($message) ) {
die 'missing packet reference' unless $message->isa('Net::DNS::Packet');
my @unsigned = grep ref($_) ne ref($self), @{$message->{additional}};
local $message->{additional} = \@unsigned; # remake header image
my @part = qw(question answer authority additional);
my @size = map scalar( @{$message->{$_}} ), @part;
my $rref = delete $self->{rawref};
my $data = $rref ? $$rref : $message->data;
my ( $id, $status ) = unpack 'n2', $data;
my $hbin = pack 'n6 a*', $id, $status, @size;
$message = $hbin . substr $data, length $hbin;
}
my @field = qw(typecovered algorithm labels orgttl sigexpiration siginception keytag);
my $sigdata = pack 'n C2 N3 n a*', @{$self}{@field}, $self->{signame}->encode;
print "\npreamble\t", unpack( 'H*', $sigdata ), "\nrawdata\t", unpack( 'H100', $message ), " ...\n"
if DEBUG;
join '', $sigdata, $message;
}
}
########################################
sub _CreateSig {
if (DNSSEC) {
my $self = shift;
my $algorithm = $self->algorithm;
my $class = $DNSSEC_sign{$algorithm};
eval {
return $self->sigbin( $class->sign(@_) ) if $class;
die qq[algorithm $algorithm not supported\n] if ACTIVE;
die qq[No "use Net::DNS::SEC" declaration in application code\n];
} || croak "${@}signature generation failed";
}
}
sub _VerifySig {
if (DNSSEC) {
my $self = shift;
my $algorithm = $self->algorithm;
my $class = $DNSSEC_verify{$algorithm};
my $retval = eval {
return $class->verify( @_, $self->sigbin ) if $class;
die qq[algorithm $algorithm not supported\n] if ACTIVE;
die qq[No "use Net::DNS::SEC" declaration in application code\n];
};
unless ($retval) {
$self->{vrfyerrstr} = "${@}signature verification failed";
print "\n", $self->{vrfyerrstr}, "\n" if DEBUG;
return 0;
}
# uncoverable branch true # bug in Net::DNS::SEC or dependencies
croak 'unknown error in $class->verify' unless $retval == 1;
print "\nalgorithm $algorithm verification successful\n" if DEBUG;
return 1;
}
}
1;
__END__
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use Net::DNS;
$rr = new Net::DNS::RR('name SIG typecovered algorithm labels
orgttl sigexpiration siginception
keytag signame signature');
use Net::DNS::SEC;
$sigrr = create Net::DNS::RR::SIG( $string, $keypath,
sigval => 10 # minutes
);
$sigrr->verify( $string, $keyrr ) || die $sigrr->vrfyerrstr;
$sigrr->verify( $packet, $keyrr ) || die $sigrr->vrfyerrstr;
=head1 DESCRIPTION
Class for DNS digital signature (SIG) resource records.
In addition to the regular methods inherited from Net::DNS::RR the
class contains a method to sign packets and scalar data strings
using private keys (create) and a method for verifying signatures.
The SIG RR is an implementation of RFC2931.
See L for an implementation of RFC4034.
=head1 METHODS
The available methods are those inherited from the base class augmented
by the type-specific methods defined in this package.
Use of undocumented package features or direct access to internal data
structures is discouraged and could result in program termination or
other unpredictable behaviour.
=head2 algorithm
$algorithm = $rr->algorithm;
The algorithm number field identifies the cryptographic algorithm
used to create the signature.
algorithm() may also be invoked as a class method or simple function
to perform mnemonic and numeric code translation.
=head2 sigexpiration and siginception times
=head2 sigex sigin sigval
$expiration = $rr->sigexpiration;
$expiration = $rr->sigexpiration( $value );
$inception = $rr->siginception;
$inception = $rr->siginception( $value );
The signature expiration and inception fields specify a validity
time interval for the signature.
The value may be specified by a string with format 'yyyymmddhhmmss'
or a Perl time() value.
Return values are dual-valued, providing either a string value or
numerical Perl time() value.
=head2 keytag
$keytag = $rr->keytag;
$rr->keytag( $keytag );
The keytag field contains the key tag value of the KEY RR that
validates this signature.
=head2 signame
$signame = $rr->signame;
$rr->signame( $signame );
The signer name field value identifies the owner name of the KEY
RR that a validator is supposed to use to validate this signature.
=head2 signature
=head2 sig
$sig = $rr->sig;
$rr->sig( $sig );
The Signature field contains the cryptographic signature that covers
the SIG RDATA (excluding the Signature field) and the subject data.
=head2 sigbin
$sigbin = $rr->sigbin;
$rr->sigbin( $sigbin );
Binary representation of the cryptographic signature.
=head2 create
Create a signature over scalar data.
use Net::DNS::SEC;
$keypath = '/home/olaf/keys/Kbla.foo.+001+60114.private';
$sigrr = create Net::DNS::RR::SIG( $data, $keypath );
$sigrr = create Net::DNS::RR::SIG( $data, $keypath,
sigval => 10
);
$sigrr->print;
# Alternatively use Net::DNS::SEC::Private
$private = Net::DNS::SEC::Private->new($keypath);
$sigrr= create Net::DNS::RR::SIG( $data, $private );
create() is an alternative constructor for a SIG RR object.
This method returns a SIG with the signature over the data made with
the private key stored in the key file.
The first argument is a scalar that contains the data to be signed.
The second argument is a string which specifies the path to a file
containing the private key as generated using dnssec-keygen, a program
that comes with the ISC BIND distribution.
The optional remaining arguments consist of ( name => value ) pairs
as follows:
sigin => 20191201010101, # signature inception
sigex => 20191201011101, # signature expiration
sigval => 10, # validity window (minutes)
The sigin and sigex values may be specified as Perl time values or as
a string with the format 'yyyymmddhhmmss'. The default for sigin is
the time of signing.
The sigval argument specifies the signature validity window in minutes
( sigex = sigin + sigval ).
By default the signature is valid for 10 minutes.
=over 4
=item *
Do not change the name of the private key file.
The create method uses the filename as generated by dnssec-keygen
to determine the keyowner, algorithm, and the keyid (keytag).
=back
=head2 verify
$verify = $sigrr->verify( $data, $keyrr );
$verify = $sigrr->verify( $data, [$keyrr, $keyrr2, $keyrr3] );
The verify() method performs SIG0 verification of the specified data
against the signature contained in the $sigrr object itself using
the public key in $keyrr.
If a reference to a Net::DNS::Packet is supplied, the method performs
a SIG0 verification on the packet data.
The second argument can either be a Net::DNS::RR::KEYRR object or a
reference to an array of such objects. Verification will return
successful as soon as one of the keys in the array leads to positive
validation.
Returns false on error and sets $sig->vrfyerrstr
=head2 vrfyerrstr
$sig0 = $packet->sigrr || die 'not signed';
print $sig0->vrfyerrstr unless $sig0->verify( $packet, $keyrr );
$sigrr->verify( $packet, $keyrr ) || die $sigrr->vrfyerrstr;
=head1 REMARKS
The code is not optimised for speed.
If this code is still around in 2100 (not a leap year) you will
need to check for proper handling of times after 28th February.
=head1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Although their original code may have disappeared following redesign of
Net::DNS, Net::DNS::SEC and the OpenSSL API, the following individual
contributors deserve to be recognised for their significant influence
on the development of the SIG package.
Andy Vaskys (Network Associates Laboratories) supplied code for RSA.
T.J. Mather provided support for the DSA algorithm.
=head1 COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c)2001-2005 RIPE NCC, Olaf M. Kolkman
Copyright (c)2007-2008 NLnet Labs, Olaf M. Kolkman
Portions Copyright (c)2014 Dick Franks
All rights reserved.
Package template (c)2009,2012 O.M.Kolkman and R.W.Franks.
=head1 LICENSE
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided
that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
documentation, and that the name of the author not be used in advertising
or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific
prior written permission.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
=head1 SEE ALSO
L, L, L, L,
RFC4034, RFC3755, RFC2535, RFC2931, RFC3110, RFC3008,
L,
L
L
L
=cut